What is it?
PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) is a cellular specific micronutrient.
It is a redox‑active aromatic tricyclic quinone that acts as an enzyme cofactor and is associated with mitochondrial support, biogenesis and antioxidant defense functions.
Its tricyclic structure with adjacent ketone groups (o‑quinone) and three carboxyl groups give it a high electron transfer capacity and redox stability.
Supplementation forms
PQQ is available on the market mainly as capsules in dietary supplements.
Physiological functions
It is notable for its capacity to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, that is, the formation and renovation of new mitochondria. Another important function is its antioxidant activity, with the capacity to reduce oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and improve cell resilience in chronic stress scenarios.
Foods
PPQ is found in numerous foods. These include fermented soybeans (natto), tofu and miso; vegetables (spinach, green peppers, celery, parsley); fruits like kiwi and papaya; and foods of animal origin like eggs and milk.
